The case of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of tracheal chondrosarcoma or as a diagnostic bronchoscopy may turn into emergency tracheal stenting

Abstract

Objective: to present clinical cases and a literature review of a rare pathology- tracheal chondrosarcoma. Materials and methods. The data of endoscopic examinations conducted in a planned and emergency manner, data from morphological examination of biopsy material, as well as data from radiation research methods are presented. Results. Stenting of the trachea in emergency conditions, repeated correction of the displaced stent in conditions of using only flexible endoscopy made it possible to correct the patient's critical condition, conduct the 1st stage of inpatient treatment, and transfer to outpatient treatment for chemotherapy at the place of residence. Conclusion. According to Russian scientists, mediastinal mesenchymal tumors account for only 5% of the total number. Tracheal chondrosarcoma is an exceptionally rare, poorly studied nonepithelial (mesenchymal) tumor of the mediastinum. According to foreign literature, from 1959 to 2021, only 36 cases of tracheal chondrosarcoma were described. This case is 37. Diagnosis of tracheal chondrosarcoma is difficult, since conventional chest X-rays often do not reveal pathology. Patients have been treated for bronchial asthma or bronchitis for many years. Thus, the presented clinical case demonstrates the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of a rare mesenchymal tumor in a patient with long-term pulmonological symptoms that do not respond to conservative treatment with further transition to outpatient treatment, including chemotherapy.