The guidelines describe modern approaches to equipping and ensuring endoscopic examinations of the digestive and respiratory systems in accordance with the objectives of improving their quality, safety and efficiency. The focus is on improving endoscopic diagnostics of precancerous diseases and early cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and bronchi. Based on the analysis of evidence-based medicine data, modern conditions for equipping and ensuring endoscopic examinations from the minimum necessary to the expert level are provided, including conditions for integrating digital solutions into protocols and reports, including conditions for creating databases for artificial intelligence systems, as well as conditions for ensuring epidemiological safety in endoscopy. The guidelines are based on risk-oriented approaches and serve as a basis for an objective assessment and analysis of the risks of compliance of equipment and provision in endoscopy with modern requirements for the quality and safety of medical activities. The components of equipment and provision are presented in summary tables, which in practice can serve as checklists. Each component is also an evaluation parameter and can be assessed by qualitative (present or absent) and/or quantitative (% provision) indicators. The methodological recommendations are designed in accordance with the requirements of the current GOST R 6.30-2003: “Unified documentation systems. Unified system of organizational and administrative documentation. Requirements for the execution of documents” (updated on 05/25/2017), which states that this type of methodological product, based on positive experience, reveals the order and logic of setting up any methodology. The objectives of such documents include the promotion of the most effective and rational examples of practical actions applicable to a certain type of activity, according to which the terminology, style and volume of methodological recommendations are regulated.

The purpose of the study is results evaluation of endoscopic treatment of patients with tracheal tumors. Material and methods. Between 2003-2023 years, 61 patients with tracheal tumors (31 men, 16 women) endoscopic interventions were performed. The duration of the age ranged from 16 to 78 years (mean 57,45±13,59 years). In 27 (62,3%) patients were suffered from secondary tracheal tumors. Results. In patients with benign tracheal tumors, the tumor was removed by using of mechanical debulking or electrosurgical incision. The malignant tumor was removed by using polypectomy snare and argonplasma coagulation (1). In another cases of malignant tracheal tumors stent placement was performed (33 - fully covered self-expandable metal stents, 8 - silicone Dumon stent). In 31 patients the interventions were performed under local anesthesia with neuroleptanalgesia. All interventions successful and didn’t get complications. In three cases after fully covered self-expandable metal stent insertion we had complications. Re-intervention «stent in stent» were performed in two cases (in one case - thrice). Conclusion. Endoscopic interventions in patients with tracheal tumors are aimed at restoring and maintaining its patency and are highly effective and safe. The choice of the way to restore and maintain patency depends on the hospital equipment and the preference of the endoscopist. Metal self-expanding stents insertion in patients with spontaneous breathing, especially in critical stenoses, is safe, due to the risk of asphyxia in cases of total intravenous anesthesia.

Carcinoids are tumors of the diffuse endocrine system that arise from hormone-producing cells of nervous origin (secretory neurocytes). Bronchial carcinoid was first described by R. Leannec [3] in 1831. Among all lung neoplasms, carcinoid tumors occur in 2%. CONCLUSION This method allowed the first stage to stop inflammatory processes in the lung tissue, which contributed to the effective implementation of the main stage of treatment. Lobectomy was performed without complications.

This publication describes a rare clinical case of esophageal siderosis. The patient was found to have flat irregularly shaped superficial scars with areas of hyperpigmentation of the esophageal mucosa in a dark color. It is known from the anamnesis that she has long suffered from iron deficiency anemia and takes iron preparations. A conclusion was made about the defeat of the esophageal mucosa by iron sulfate preparations - esophageal siderosis. The endoscopic conclusion was confirmed by a pathomorphological study - a few cells with brown pigment in the cytoplasm were found in the subepithelial connective tissue - a picture of siderosis

Modern developments and achievements in the field of endoscopy are inextricably linked with related clinical specialties, and their evolutionary development leads to an increase in the detection of diseases at an early stage and the improvement of surgical organ-preserving methods of treatment, thereby contributing to the preservation of health and improving the quality of life of patients.

Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. This disease is caused by a germline mutation in the APC gene, but in 20-30% of cases the disease occurs due to de novo mutations. There are several forms of the disease from severe, which is characterized by a pronounced number of polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to a mild (attenuated) form of FAP, with less than 100 colonic polyps. According to various scientific literature, the risk of malignancy of epithelial formations reaches 100%. Identified epithelial formations of the gastrointestinal tract will lie down for endoscopic or surgical treatment. FAP is also characterized by neoplasms of extraintestinal localization, which characterizes it as a multisystem syndrome. There is a high risk of developing congenital retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy, bone osteoma, fibroma, angiofibroma of the nose, thyroid carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, brain tumor and pancreatic tumor. Congenital retinal hypertrophy is the earliest extraintestinal manifestation of FAP. Thyroid cancer in young people, as a rule, is diagnosed first and serves as the basis for a comprehensive endoscopic diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract. We present a rare case of FAP in a 14-year-old child associated with malignant neoplasms of extraintestinal localizations.

Modern endoscopic possibilities in pediatric practice and the relevance of the work of the nurse of the endoscopic department are presented. The role of a nurse in assisting a doctor in endoscopic examinations and operations, ensuring the quality and safety of endoscopy, working with expensive equipment, data recording and patient monitoring is emphasized.