Stenting of the trachea with cicatricial stenosis, immediate and long-term results

The aim of study Evaluation of the results of stenting in the treatment of cicatricial stenosis of the trachea. Materials and methods During the period from 1995 to 2023, 154 patients with cicatricial stenosis of the trachea were treated (men - 109 (70.77%), women - 45 (29.22%). The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 83 years. Patients of working age (from 20 to 50 years old) were 102 (66, 23%). The causes of stenosis were: tracheostomy and / or prolonged mechanical lung ventilation through a tracheostomy tube (106-68.83%), mechanical ventilation through the orotracheal tube (38-24.67%), in 6 (3.89%) after circular resection of the trachea, in 3 (1.94%) recurrence of stenosis after tracheolaryngoplasty, in 1 (0.64%) after radiation therapy for primary tracheal cancer in the area of tumor stenosis. Results. In 69 (44.80%) patients, tracheal stenting was performed. Indications for stenting: the impossibility of performing circular resection of the trachea due to the severity of the condition (64-92.75%), preoperative preparation (2-2.89%), cicatricial narrowing of the tracheal anastomosis after circular resection of the trachea (2-2.89%), stenosis of the trachea after long-term treatment of staged treatment (tracheolaryngoplasty with the introduction of a T-shaped tube) (1-1.44%). In 67 patients silicone stents of the Dumont type were inserted, in 2 - stents made of an endotracheal tube and fixed to the neck tissues with a non-absorbable ligature. Complications in the postoperative period occurred in 22 (31,88%) patients. There were no lethal outcomes. It was possible to form a lumen sufficient for breathing in 46 (66.66%) patients. Conclusions. Tracheal stenting in patients with cicatricial tracheal stenosis is a safe and highly effective method that can be used both independently and for preoperative preparation. Restenosis that occurs after the stent removing can be corrected by stent reinsertion by circular resection of the trachea performing, if the patient’s condition allows it.

cicatricial tracheal stenosis, tracheal bougienage, tracheal stenting, endoscopy, endoscopic treatment

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